| “ | Lord Zhang had earlier achieved his ambitions with Chenliu. I fear changes like him seizing opportunities will start soon. | „ |
| ~ Gao Rou |
Zhang Miao 張邈 was a civil official who was the Grand Administrator of Chenliu Commandery and the older brother of Zhang Chao. He initially supported Cao Cao, but later rebelled against him. Eventually defeated, he was killed by his own army while fleeing to Yuan Shu.
Biography[]
He was from Shouzhang County, Dongping Commandery.[1] Judging from the list of friends he had, he may have come from a high or middle ranking family, but this is speculation.
He was known for being generous and just. He used his family’s property to aid those in need of money, and he was not greedy.[1][2] His generous and just behavior thus led many to describe him as one of the ‘Eight Chefs’ for giving out money, alongside Du Shang and Humu Ban.[2][3] Scholars that looked up to him and were friendly with him included Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, both of whom shared similar qualities.[1] According to Zang Hong, Yuan Shao himself called Zhang Miao his elder brother, suggesting Zhang Miao was older than Yuan Shao.[4] Zhang Miao also became friends with Lü Bu.[5]
He joined the staff of the Excellencies, then became Commandant of Cavalry.[1] Around 190, he presumably became Grand Administrator of Chenliu because Zhou Bi and Wu Qiong, whom Dong Zhuo held high opinions of, advocated for Zhang Miao to be appointed to office.[6] He left to Chenliu, where he became nominally subordinate to Liu Dai. Despite Dong Zhuo giving him the post, he soon contributed his troops to the Guandong Coalition.[1][5][7] Zang Hong had earlier persuaded Zhang Chao to rebel against Dong Zhuo and had him persuade Zhang Miao to rebel against Dong Zhuo. Zhang Miao asked his brother, "I heard that you, younger brother, serve as a commandery administrator, but that the system of government, education, military, and rewards do not come from yourself, but by Zang Hong's implementation. Who is this Hong person?" Zhang Chao responded that Zang Hong was a very talented man and that he loved his talent. Zhang Miao later met Zang Hong and was impressed with his talent. He later showed him off to Kong Zhou and Liu Dai, who were also impressed.[8] In the campaign, Zhang Miao provided Cao Cao with one of his generals, Wei Zi, to fight with him. Wei Zi eventually perished at the Battle of Xingyang.[9]
Legacy[]
Zhang Miao's participation in the major rebellion against Cao Cao disrupted Cao Cao's powerbase initially, but he was eventually defeated though with some cost. Cao Cao might have acted more suspicious after Zhang Miao's rebellion, as they were initially very close.
Family[]
- Younger brother: Zhang Chao
Notes[]
Fact vs. Fiction[]
Historically…
- …
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 【張邈字孟卓，東平壽張人也。少以俠聞，振窮救急，傾家無愛，士多歸之。太祖、袁紹皆與邈友。辟公府，以高第拜騎都尉，遷陳留太守。董卓之亂，太祖與邈首舉義兵。汴水之戰，邈遣衞茲將兵隨太祖。袁紹旣為盟主，有驕矜色，邈正議責紹。紹使太祖殺邈，太祖不聽，責紹曰：「孟卓，親友也，是非當容之。今天下未定，不宜自相危也。」邈知之，益德太祖。太祖之征陶謙，勑家曰；「我若不還，往依孟卓。」後還，見邈，垂泣相對。其親如此。】《三國志注•卷七》
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 【（《漢末名士錄》曰：班字季皮，太山人，少與山陽度尚、東平張邈等八人並輕財赴義，振濟人士，世謂之八廚。）】《三國志注•卷六》
- ↑ 【度尚、張邈、王考、劉儒、胡母班、秦周、蕃嚮、王章為「八廚」。廚者，言能以財救人者也。】《後漢書•黨錮列傳》
- ↑ 【…洪親見呼張陳留為兄，】
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 【道經陳留，太守張邈遣使迎之，相待甚厚，臨別把臂言誓。邈字孟卓，東平人，少以俠聞。初辟公府，稍遷陳留太守。董卓之亂，與曹操共舉義兵。及袁紹為盟主，有驕色，邈正義責之。紹既怨邈，且聞與布厚，乃令曹操殺邈。操不聽，然邈心不自安。】《後漢書•劉焉袁術呂布列傳》
- ↑ 【初，卓信任尚書周毖、城門校尉伍瓊等，用其所舉韓馥、劉岱、孔伷、張咨、張邈等出宰州郡。】《三國志注•卷六》
- ↑ 【陳留太守張邈…同時俱起兵，】《三國志注•卷一》
- ↑ 【董卓殺帝，圖危社稷，洪說超曰：「明府歷世受恩，兄弟並據大郡，今王室將危，賊臣未梟，此誠天下義烈報恩効命之秋也。今郡境尚全，吏民殷富，若動枹鼓，可得二萬人，以此誅除國賊，為天下倡先，義之大者也。」超然其言，與洪西至陳留，見兄邈計事。邈亦素有心，會於酸棗，邈謂超曰：「聞弟為郡守，政教威恩不由己出，動任臧洪，洪者何人？」超曰：「洪才略智數優超，超甚愛之，海內奇士也。」邈即引見洪，與語大異之。致之於劉兖州公山、孔豫州公緒，皆與洪親善。】《三國志注•卷七》
- ↑ 【從討董卓，戰于熒陽而卒。】《三國志注•卷二十二》